common tools used for data modeling and schema design?

Common tools for data modeling and schema design include:

1. **ER/Studio:** A comprehensive data modeling tool for creating and managing data models.

2. **Microsoft Visio:** Used for designing entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) and database schemas.

3. **IBM InfoSphere Data Architect:** A tool for designing and managing data models and metadata.

4. **Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler:** A data modeling tool for Oracle databases, supporting ER modeling and schema design.

5. **MySQL Workbench:** Provides data modeling, design, and database management for MySQL databases.

These tools help visualize, design, and manage database structures and schemas effectively.