challenges of memory management

Challenges of memory management include:

1. **Fragmentation**: Both internal and external fragmentation can lead to inefficient use of memory.

2. **Allocation**: Balancing the allocation of memory to various processes while avoiding overcommitment.

3. **Performance**: Ensuring efficient memory access and minimizing latency.

4. **Protection**: Safeguarding memory regions to prevent unauthorized access and data corruption.

5. **Scalability**: Managing memory efficiently as the system grows in complexity and size.

Effective memory management is crucial for system stability, performance, and reliability.