What is quantum cryptography

Quantum cryptography is a field of cryptography that uses principles of quantum mechanics to enhance security. Key aspects include:

1. **Quantum Key Distribution (QKD):** A method to securely share encryption keys between parties using quantum properties. QKD leverages quantum superposition and entanglement to detect eavesdropping.

2. **Quantum Superposition:** Quantum particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously, which allows for the creation of secure keys that are inherently difficult to intercept without detection.

3. **Quantum Entanglement:** A phenomenon where particles become interconnected in such a way that the state of one instantly influences the state of another, regardless of distance. This property is used in some QKD protocols to ensure secure communication.

4. **Unconditional Security:** Provides security based on the laws of quantum physics rather than computational assumptions, making it theoretically immune to attacks, even by powerful quantum computers.

5. **Applications:** Used for secure key distribution, ensuring that any attempt to eavesdrop on the key exchange is detectable by the communicating parties.

Quantum cryptography promises advanced security features by exploiting fundamental quantum principles, potentially offering more robust protection against future threats, including those posed by quantum computing.