What are AVL trees and Red-Black trees? 

AVL trees and Red-Black trees are both types of self-balancing binary search trees. They ensure that the tree remains balanced, which allows for efficient operations such as insertion, deletion, and lookup. Here’s a detailed overview of each

AVL Trees

AVL Trees (named after their inventors Adelson-Velsky and Landis) are a type of self-balancing binary search tree where the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by no more than one. This ensures that the tree remains balanced and operations remain efficient.

Red-Black Trees

Red-Black Trees are another type of self-balancing binary search tree with additional properties to ensure balance. Each node in a Red-Black tree has an extra bit for color (red or black), which helps maintain balance during insertions and deletions.