Discuss the concept of normalization 

Normalization is a process in database design aimed at organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency, ensuring data integrity and efficiency. Key concepts include:

1. **Normal Forms:** Data is organized into different levels of normalization, each with specific rules:

   - **First Normal Form (1NF):** Ensures that the table has a clear and consistent structure, with no repeating groups or arrays.

   - **Second Normal Form (2NF):** Achieves 1NF and ensures that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key.

   - **Third Normal Form (3NF):** Achieves 2NF and ensures that all non-key attributes are directly dependent on the primary key, eliminating transitive dependencies.

   - **Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF):** A stronger version of 3NF, addressing certain types of anomalies that 3NF may not handle.

2. **Purpose:** Aims to reduce data redundancy (duplicate data) and improve data integrity (accuracy and consistency).

3. **Data Integrity:** Ensures that data is logically stored, making it easier to update, delete, and maintain without introducing anomalies.

4. **Efficiency:** Enhances query performance and database maintenance by structuring data into related tables and reducing duplication.

Normalization helps in creating a well-organized database schema that supports accurate and efficient data management.