Describe static vs. dynamic linking. 

Static Linking

1. Definition: Combines library code directly into the executable at compile time.
2. File Size: Results in larger executables since all library code is included.
3. Performance: Generally faster at runtime with no need for external library lookups.
4. Dependency Management: No runtime dependency on external libraries; the executable is self-contained.
5. Updates: Requires recompiling the application to incorporate updates to the library.

Dynamic Linking

1. Definition: Links to external libraries at runtime rather than compile time.
2. File Size: Results in smaller executables since only references to the libraries are included.
3. Performance: May be slightly slower at runtime due to dynamic loading of libraries.
4. Dependency Management: Depends on external library files, allowing for easier updates.
5. Updates: Libraries can be updated independently of the application without recompilation.